Effect of Second-Generation Biodiesel/Butanol Blends on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine

M. Mourad; K. Mahmoud; H. N. E. Elsadek

doi:10.53797/icccmjssh.v5isp.12.2026

Authors

M. Mourad Beni Suef Technological University BTU, Beni Suef, EGYPT
K. Mahmoud Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, EGYPT
H. N. E. Elsadek Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, EGYPT

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53797/icccmjssh.v5isp.12.2026

Keywords:

Used cooking oil biodiesel, butanol, Engine performance, Emission

Abstract

Biodiesel fuel is considered an alternative instead of fossil fuels to be used as fuel for diesel engines. Recently, the use of biodiesel fuel for diesel engines has increased because of its benefits, including the reduction of pollution resulting from these engines. So there is a great interest from researchers in the production of biodiesel from different ways of vegetable oils as well as animal fats. There are other trends for the production of biodiesel from used cooking oils in households and industries to preserve human food. The investigation study included a practical work of a 14 HP diesel engine to determine the performance of the engine fuelled with the used cooking oil biodiesel blended with butanol. Engine performance such as engine power - thermal efficiency - specific fuel consumption and pollutants emission such as CO, CO2, HC, NOx are also measured at different operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the use of diesel-biodiesel/butanol fuel is better than conventional diesel fuel. In general fuel blends contribute to enhance engine performance parameters, furthermore reducing the pollutants emitted from the engine, especially CO and HC. While there is a slight increase in the emission of CO2 and NOx as well as the engine power negatively will be affected at certain load conditions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abedin, M. J., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Sabri, M. F. M., Rahman, S. A., Sanjid, A., & Fattah, I. R. (2016). Production of biodiesel from a non-edible source and study of its combustion, and emission characteristics: A comparative study with B5. Renewable Energy, 88, 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.027

Agarwal, A. K., Shrivastava, A., & Prasad, R. K. (2016). Evaluation of toxic potential of particulates emitted from Jatropha biodiesel fuelled engine. Renewable Energy, 99, 564-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.056

Fattah, I. R., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Mofijur, M., & Abedin, M. J. (2014). Effect of antioxidant on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends. Energy Conversion and Management, 79, 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.024

Heydari-Maleney, K., Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., Ghobadian, B., & Abbaszadeh-Mayvan, A. (2017). Analyzing and evaluation of carbon nanotubes additives to diesohol-B2 fuels on performance and emission of diesel engines. Fuel, 196, 110-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.01.091

Hosseini, S. H., Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., Ghobadian, B., & Abbaszadeh-Mayvan, A. (2017). Effect of added alumina as nano-catalyst to diesel-biodiesel blends on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. Energy, 124, 543-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.109

Imdadul, H. K., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Zulkifli, N. W., Alabdulkarem, A., Rashed, M. M., ... & How, H. G. (2016). Higher alcohol–biodiesel–diesel blends: An approach for improving the performance, emission, and combustion of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 111, 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.066

Martínez, S. L., Romero, R., Natividad, R., & González, J. (2014). Optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil by transesterification using Na2O/NaX and methanol. Catalysis Today, 220, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.08.022

Monirul, I. M., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Mosarof, M. H., Zulkifli, N. W. M., Teoh, Y. H., & How, H. G. (2016). Assessment of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of palm, jatropha and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends. Fuel, 181, 985-995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.010

Monirul, I. M., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Zulkifli, N. W. M., Shahir, S. A., Mosarof, M. H., & Ruhul, A. M. (2017). Influence of poly (methyl acrylate) additive on cold flow properties of coconut biodiesel blends and exhaust gas emissions. Renewable energy, 101, 702-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.020

Mourad, M., & Mahmoud, K. J. R. E. (2019). Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends. Renewable Energy, 143, 762-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.064

Rajak, U., & Verma, T. N. (2018). Effect of emission from ethylic biodiesel of edible and non-edible vegetable oil, animal fats, waste oil and alcohol in CI engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 166, 704-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.070

Rao, M. S., & Anand, R. B. (2016). Performance and emission characteristics improvement studies on a biodiesel fuelled DICI engine using water and AlO (OH) nanoparticles. Applied Thermal Engineering, 98, 636-645.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.090

Saba, T., Estephane, J., El Khoury, B., El Khoury, M., Khazma, M., El Zakhem, H., & Aouad, S. (2016). Biodiesel production from refined sunflower vegetable oil over KOH/ZSM5 catalysts. Renewable Energy, 90, 301-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.009

Tinprabath, P., Hespel, C., Chanchaona, S., & Foucher, F. (2016). Impact of cold conditions on diesel injection processes of biodiesel blends. Renewable Energy, 96, 270-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.062

Tongroon, M., Suebwong, A., Kananont, M., Aunchaisri, J., & Chollacoop, N. (2017). High quality jatropha biodiesel (H-FAME) and its application in a common rail diesel engine. Renewable Energy, 113, 660-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.06.006

Yesilyurt, M. K., Eryilmaz, T., & Arslan, M. (2018). A comparative analysis of the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviors of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel/diesel/1-butanol (C4 alcohol) and biodiesel/diesel/n-pentanol (C5 alcohol) fuel blends. Energy, 165, 1332-1351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.100

Wang, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, J., Wang, J., & Shuai, S. (2015). Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE3-4)/diesel blends. Energy Procedia, 75, 2337-2344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.479

Zahedi, A., Moradi, Z., Molaeimanesh, G., & Mansoorghanaei, M. (2024). Experimental development of biodiesel fuel derived from freshwater microalgae for improved engine performance and reduced emissions. Energy Reports, 12, 6036-6045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.084

Zhao, W., Zhang, Y., Huang, G., He, Z., Qian, Y., & Lu, X. (2021). Experimental investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of butanol/biodiesel under blend fuel mode, dual fuel RCCI and ICCI modes. Fuel, 305, 121590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121590